Kỹ sư định giá có phải là Kỹ sư Quantity surveyor ?
Trong Nghị định 99 của Chính phủ mới ban hành có đề cập đến Kỹ sư định giá xây dựng. Có nhiều người hỏi TA về vấn đề này. Có người hỏi để lo trang bị kiến thức cho cá nhân mình nhằm đáp ứng yêu cầu mới. Có người hỏi để dự trù kế hoạch nhân lực cho doanh nghiệp mình.
Thực ra từ khi học ở trường ĐH, tôi đã được nghe các thầy nói về chức danh (hay nghề !? ) Kỹ sư Quantity Surveyor (Kỹ sư QS) và năng lực của những người làm công việc này. Tôi thần tượng Kỹ sư QS bởi vì những việc họ có thể làm và mức lương họ hưởng.
Theo tôi chức danh QS, Kỹ sư định giá xây dựng và kỹ sư kinh tế xây dựng có sự tương đồng và rất gần với nhau. Chính vì ấp ủ vấn đề này từ lâu nên nếu bạn để ý những vấn đề trình bày trên Giá Xây Dựng có định hướng tới các vấn đề này và chuẩn bị cho đích ngắm đó.
Nói một cách hình tượng: nếu bạn thông thuộc từng ngóc ngách, từng căn phòng, đường đi lối lại trên Ngôi Nhà Xây Dựng bạn sẽ không lo lắng gì cho chứng chỉ Kỹ sư định giá cả (nếu khả năng của bạn vượt ra ngoài tất cả các vấn đề được đề cập đó nữa thì bạn sẽ ghi tên vào danh sách các Kỹ sư định giá số 1).
Để nghiên cứu sâu về vấn đề này chúng ta đi từ nghiên cứu Quantity Surveyor (QS): (tài liệu sau tham khảo từ Wikipedia)
Quantity surveyor
A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a professional person working within the construction industry. The role of the QS is, in general terms, to manage and control costs within construction projects and may involve the use of a range of management procedures and technical tools to achieve this goal.
The profession developed during the 19th century from the earlier "Measurer", a specialist tradesman (often a guild member), who prepared standardised schedules for a building project in which all of the construction materials, labour activities and the like were quantified and against which competing builders could submit priced tenders. Because the tenders were each based on the same schedule of information, they would be easily compared to find the most suitable candidate.
The professional institution with which most English-speaking Quantity Surveyors are affiliated is the UK based Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and Institution of Civil Engineering surveyors (ICES).
Although all QSs will have followed a similar course of education and training (for those entering the profession today, this is usually to degree level), there are many areas of specialisation in which a QS may concentrate. The main distinction amongst QSs is between:
- Those who carry out work on behalf of a client organisation: often known as a "Professional Quantity Surveyor", "Professional QS" or "PQS".
- Those who work for construction companies: often known as a "Contractor's Quantity Surveyor".
The Consultant Quantity Surveyor
The functions of the Consultant Quantity Surveyor (traditionally referred to as the Professional Quantity Surveyor) are broadly concerned with the control of the cost on construction projects. The methods employed, however, cover a range of activities which may include cost planning, value engineering, feasibility studies, cost benefit analysis, lifecycle costing, valuation, and cost estimation. Some senior quantity surveyors are known as construction economists, cost engineers or construction managers.
Quantity surveyors control construction costs by accurate measurement of the work required, the application of expert knowledge of costs and prices of work, labour, materials and plant required, an understanding of the implications of design decisions at an early stage to ensure that good value is obtained for the money to be expended.
The technique of measuring quantities from drawings and specifications prepared by designers, principally architects and engineers, in order to prepare Tender/Contract Documents, is known in the industry as taking off. The quantities of work taken off typically are used to prepare bills of quantities, which usually are prepared in accordance with a published standard method of measurement as agreed to by the QS profession and representatives of the construction industry.
The Contractor's Quantity Surveyor
The Contractor's QS is responsible for the performance of operations that mirror those of the Owner's QS; i.e, the measurement and pricing of construction work, but specifically that actually performed by the Contractor (and the Contractor's Subcontractors) as opposed to the construction work described and measured in the Construction Contract between the Owner and the Contractor. Such a difference in quantity of work may arise from Changes required by an Owner, or by an Architect or Engineer on an Owner's behalf. Typically, the settlement of a change (often referred to in a contract as a 'Variation'). (see, the following reference sources: "Fundamentals of Construction Estimating and Cost Accounting," by Keith Collier (2nd ed.) (Prentice-Hall, 1987); "Construction Contracts," by Keith Collier (3rd ed.) (Prentice-Hall, 2001) These two texts each contain a comprehensive Glossary.
Some contractors and others may attempt to rely on a general Accountant to deal with construction costs, but usually this is not effective, primarily because an Accountant does not have the technical knowledge to accurately allocate costs to specific items of work performed, especially at times prior to the particular work's completion as required to make accurate assessment of the amounts to be paid to the Contractor during the course of the work.
In the USA, instead of the title Quantity Surveyor, the appropriate title used may be Cost Engineer (see note below re: Titles).
Pop Culture
This fairly obscure profession is familiar to some who would otherwise not have heard of it because it is referenced twice in sketches by Monty Python:
- In "Bookshop Sketch" the sketch ends when a bookshop owner, infuriated by a troublesome customer's requests for ridiculous books, is able to satisfy the customer's request for "Ethel the Aardvark Goes Quantity Surveying" (this sketch was originally from "At Last the 1948 Show" but was performed by Monty Python on stage).
- In "Bicycle Repairman", in which everyone is a Superman but no one can repair a bicycle, the Python team parody the famous "Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No it's Superman!", line with "Oh look - is it a Stockbroker? Is it a Quantity Surveyor? Is it a Church Warden? No! It's Bicycle Repairman!"
In series 2 of "A Bit of Fry and Laurie", the "Dancersize" sketch features Stephen Fry pretending to be a Quantity Surveyor, using the line "Good morning, do you have any quantities for me to survey?"
In Not the Nine O'Clock News, there is a sketch lampooning Ask The Family, in which the Brainie and Smaughtarse families (played by the exact same actors in different costumes) are all Quantity Surveyors.
In "Blackpool" David Tennant's character, DI Tyler, hides his true occupation from the chief suspect's wife (with whom he is flirting) by saying, "I'm a Quantity surveyor." He goes on to ask if there is a more boring sentence in the English language. Later, in a rendezvous with said wife, she takes him to an underground aquarium because she thinks a QS would find that interesting (??).
Note
The use of the term "Professional QS" with regard to surveyors who work on behalf of a client does not indicate that those surveyors are, in some way, more professional than their counterparts working in construction companies, it is more a reflection of the fact that in the past it was less likely for a contractor's QS to become a member of a Professional body. As the number of contractor's QSs holding memberships of Professional organisations has increased, the "Professional QS" tag has become somewhat archaic although it continues in use as an easy identifier for those working on behalf of a client.
It is also worth noting that the current 'god' of quantity surveying is a lad by the name of Mike Hope.
Nếu mong có chứng chỉ Kỹ sư định giá đúng nghĩa, có lẽ đọc hiểu được tài liệu tiếng Anh nói trên không thành vấn đề với bạn. Tuy nhiên, tôi sẽ cố gắng thu xếp thời gian để dịch sang tiếng Việt vì có thể có nhiều nhà Quản lý còn muốn biết.
