T
TranDaiNghia
Guest
I found this text from my friend's notebook. She said that she learned English of civil engineering course a long time ago. I type it here to practice myseft and share with you.
The term Civil Engineering originally came into use to distinguish from military engineering. Civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for civilian use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use. A more appropriate definition of civil engineering is that it deals with the design and construction that are intended to be stationary. In practice, this definition includes buildings and houses, dams, tunnels, bridges, canals, airports, port facilities, and roadbeds for railroads.
Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure or system that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique. One structure rarely duplicates another exactly. Even when structures seem to be identical, site requirements or other factors generally result in modifications. Large structures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures. The civil engineer must therefore always be ready and willing to meet new challenges.
Within the field of civil engineering itself, there are subdivisions: structural engineering, which deals with permanent structures; hydraulic engineering, which is concerned with systems involving the flow and control of water or other fluids; and sanitary or environmental engineering, which involves the study of water supply, purification, and sewer systems. Obviously, many of these specialties overlap. A water supply system, for example, may involve dams and other structures as well as the flow and storage of water.
In a nuclear power plant, civil engineers are responsible for the design and construction of the plant itself, as well as the protective shielding around the nuclear reactor. In the project of this kind, the engineer is a member of a team that is often headed by a systems engineer who coordinates the contributions of all members of the team. Because teamwork is necessary in so many engineering project, nowadays, an important qualification for engineers is the ability to work successfully with other people.
Vocabulary
temporary (a): tạm thời (hay dùng cho lán trại tạm)
appropriate (a): thích hợp
structure (n): kế cấu, cấu kiện; structural (a)
dam (n): đập nước
sanitation (n): (hệ thống) vệ sinh
roadbed (n): nền đường
challenge (n): sự thách thức
unique (a): duy nhất
duplicate (v): sao chép, copy
identical (a): giống hệt nhau
substantial (a): lớn lao, quan trọng
willing (a): tự nguyện, sẵn lòng
subdivision (n): sự phân nhỏ, phân nhánh, bộ phận
hydraulic (a): thủy lực
environment (n): môi trường
purify (v): Lọc, làm sạch
sewer (n): cống, rãnh
overlap (v): gối đầu, gối lên nhau, chồng chéo
obviously (adv): rõ ràng, hiển nhiên
result in (v): gây nên, có tác động tới, đưa đến kết quả
nuclear reactor (n): lò phản ứng nguyên tử
shielding (n): tấm, lớp che chắn
Practice:
1. Translate the text into Vietnamese.
2. Answers following questions:
- In what way do civil engineering and military engineering differ ?
- What statinary structures does civil engineering deal with ?
- Why is civil engineering said to offer a particular challenge ?
- Why must the civil engineer be ready and willing to meet new challengens ?
- What is civil engineering sub-divided into ?
- Do these branches of civil engineering work independently ?
- What are civil engineers' responsibilities in a nuclear power plant ?
- What is the role of a systems engineer ?
- What is one of qualifications engineers should have nowadays ?
- Why is it an important qualification ?
You can do it !
The term Civil Engineering originally came into use to distinguish from military engineering. Civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for civilian use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use. A more appropriate definition of civil engineering is that it deals with the design and construction that are intended to be stationary. In practice, this definition includes buildings and houses, dams, tunnels, bridges, canals, airports, port facilities, and roadbeds for railroads.
Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure or system that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique. One structure rarely duplicates another exactly. Even when structures seem to be identical, site requirements or other factors generally result in modifications. Large structures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures. The civil engineer must therefore always be ready and willing to meet new challenges.
Within the field of civil engineering itself, there are subdivisions: structural engineering, which deals with permanent structures; hydraulic engineering, which is concerned with systems involving the flow and control of water or other fluids; and sanitary or environmental engineering, which involves the study of water supply, purification, and sewer systems. Obviously, many of these specialties overlap. A water supply system, for example, may involve dams and other structures as well as the flow and storage of water.
In a nuclear power plant, civil engineers are responsible for the design and construction of the plant itself, as well as the protective shielding around the nuclear reactor. In the project of this kind, the engineer is a member of a team that is often headed by a systems engineer who coordinates the contributions of all members of the team. Because teamwork is necessary in so many engineering project, nowadays, an important qualification for engineers is the ability to work successfully with other people.
Vocabulary
temporary (a): tạm thời (hay dùng cho lán trại tạm)
appropriate (a): thích hợp
structure (n): kế cấu, cấu kiện; structural (a)
dam (n): đập nước
sanitation (n): (hệ thống) vệ sinh
roadbed (n): nền đường
challenge (n): sự thách thức
unique (a): duy nhất
duplicate (v): sao chép, copy
identical (a): giống hệt nhau
substantial (a): lớn lao, quan trọng
willing (a): tự nguyện, sẵn lòng
subdivision (n): sự phân nhỏ, phân nhánh, bộ phận
hydraulic (a): thủy lực
environment (n): môi trường
purify (v): Lọc, làm sạch
sewer (n): cống, rãnh
overlap (v): gối đầu, gối lên nhau, chồng chéo
obviously (adv): rõ ràng, hiển nhiên
result in (v): gây nên, có tác động tới, đưa đến kết quả
nuclear reactor (n): lò phản ứng nguyên tử
shielding (n): tấm, lớp che chắn
Practice:
1. Translate the text into Vietnamese.
2. Answers following questions:
- In what way do civil engineering and military engineering differ ?
- What statinary structures does civil engineering deal with ?
- Why is civil engineering said to offer a particular challenge ?
- Why must the civil engineer be ready and willing to meet new challengens ?
- What is civil engineering sub-divided into ?
- Do these branches of civil engineering work independently ?
- What are civil engineers' responsibilities in a nuclear power plant ?
- What is the role of a systems engineer ?
- What is one of qualifications engineers should have nowadays ?
- Why is it an important qualification ?
You can do it !